INHOPE | The Facts

50 Hotlines
46 Countries
1 Mission

Facts & numbers
Age of the victims

Age of the victims

82% of CSAM assessed in 2021 depicted children under 13 years of age.

Victims are aged between 3 to 13 years.

The figures from 2021 show that the majority of victims are pre-pubescent.

Gender of victims

Gender of victims

96% of victims depicted in reports assessed during 2021 were girls and 2% were boys.

96% of victims were girls

Girls depicted in images and videos increased by 3% from 2019. Children of both genders were depicted in 1.5% of assessed reports.

World Wide Reporting Data

World Wide Reporting Data

Netherlands - 32.62%
United Kingdom - 27.20%
Austria - 10.85%
Germany - 6.92%
Czech Republic - 3.85%
Poland - 3.35%
Colombia - 3.12%
Remaining countries - under 2%

World Wide Reporting Data

INHOPE has traced CSAM material to more than 60 countries, and of those INHOPE hotlines are present in 36 countries.

Read more on these facts in our Annual Report.

Site Types

Site Types

The pie chart shows the variety of sites used to store CSAM.

Site Types

In 2021, the data presented 9 different site types with the majority of material being found on the following:

Website 31%
File host 26%
Image host 25%

Reporting Patterns

Reporting Patterns

Number of exchanged content URLs: 928,278
Number of illegal content URLs: 443,705

Number of Reports, Assessed Illegal

Exchanged content URLs – This is the number of URLs of individual media files e.g. video, images etc that were exchanged via ICCAM.

Illegal content URLs – This is the number of unique content URLs that were processed via ICCAM and assessed by analysts as being CSAM and thus illegal.

Good to know

Useful Documents

Annual Report 2021

A review of 2021, where we look at the INHOPE Network of Hotlines, the environment that it operates in and its global impact on CSAM.

For older reports - click here.

Luxembourg Guidelines

The Terminology Guidelines, dubbed the ‘Luxembourg Guidelines’ after their adoption in Luxembourg earlier this year, offer guidance on how to navigate the complex lexicon of terms commonly used relating to sexual exploitation and sexual abuse of children. They aim to build consensus on key concepts in order to strengthen data collection and cooperation across agencies, sectors and countries.

Child Dignity Alliance - Technology Working Group Report

The Technology Working Group was charged with examining the role of technology in combatting the proliferation of online child sexual exploitation and abuse imagery.A focus of this report is on the need to dismantle the chief technical, legal and policy silos that are frustrating real collaboration among law enforcement, industry, government and the non-government sector.

Insights &
articles

Webinar Recap: CSAM and the dark web - tracking new trends through blockchain analysis

On the 9th of March, we welcomed 118 attendees to kick off our first Expert Insights webinar of this year with the topic: “CSAM and the dark web: tracking new trends through blockchain (...)

Webinar Recap: CSAM and the dark web - tracking new trends through blockchain analysis

What is CPORT?

CPORT is a two-year project launched in January 2023 by a project consortium consisting of INHOPE, ZIUZ Visual Intelligence, INTERPOL, Norwegian law enforcement agency Politidirektoratet (...)

What is CPORT?

Communications Playbook

With support by the End Violence Against Children (EVAC) fund, INHOPE produced a step-by-step guide for hotlines (and organisations interested in setting up a hotline) on how to create a (...)

Communications Playbook

INHOPE Summit 2022 Kickoff

We are thrilled to announce that the fifth INHOPE Summit will take place on September 20-21. The theme of the hybrid event is "Talk About It"

INHOPE Summit 2022 Kickoff

Protecting Girls Online

Any minor can be the victim of child sexual abuse and have material of that abuse shared online. Abuse happens to children of all ethnicities and ages, economic status or position in soc (...)

Protecting Girls Online

INHOPE launches EU Insights Publication 2021

The INHOPE network of hotlines has established an effective and well-recognised mechanism for the rapid removal of CSAM within Europe. INHOPE member hotlines enable the public to anonymo (...)

INHOPE launches EU Insights Publication 2021

Webinar: Building employee resilience in Trust and Safety

Psychological health and safety are gaining worldwide attention as a critical need in the trust and safety industry, particularly in CSAM. The vast majority of traditional corporate well (...)

Webinar: Building employee resilience in Trust and Safety

Global Standard project - ontology launch

On 15 March, INHOPE is launching a common ontology for the categorisation of child sexual abuse material. This ontology was created as a part of the Global Standard Project and aims to d (...)

Global Standard project - ontology launch

Promoting online safety with Twitch partnership

Amsterdam, The Netherlands, February 22, 2023. With an online community of over 31 million daily visitors, Twitch joins the fight against child sexual abuse and exploitation online. Crea (...)

Promoting online safety with Twitch partnership

INHOPE launches Legislative Overview of EU Hotlines

As part of the International Association of Internet Hotlines, INHOPE’s member hotlines play an invaluable role in providing the public with a way to report suspected child sexual abus (...)

INHOPE launches Legislative Overview of EU Hotlines